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I. History and legend of Taybeh-Ephraim

I. Chronology of the village with references to the Old Testament

THE IMPORTANT PHASES Biblical Ref.

ANCIENT BRONZE (3100-2100 BC.)
Presence of Canaanite tribes in Taybeh attested by archeological discoveries, 1986.

MIDDLE BRONZE (2100-1550 BC.)
Canaanite tribes in Taybeh.

RECENT BRONZE (1550-1200 BC.)
Division of the tribes under Joshua (1220-1200 BC.)
The town is given to Benjamin's Tribe

Joshua 16,2
IRON I (1200-900 BC.)
IRON II (900-539 AD.)

The town is mentioned during Saül's war against the Philistines (1030-1010 BC.)

I Sam. 13,22
The town is located nearby Mount Baal Hazor, where Absalon, David's son, had his half-brother Ammon killed. (1010-970 BC.)

II Sam. 13,23
Division of the country into 2 kingdoms (931 BC.)
The village is given to the kingdom of Israel.
Abias, King of Judah, takes control of the town between 913 and 911 BC., but the town remains nevertheless under governemnt of the king of Israel until 721 BC, fall of Samaria.

2 chr. 13,19
PERSIAN DOMINATION
After captivity in Babylone (538 BC.), the town sometimes belongs to the Samaria province, sometimes to the one of Judea.

GREEK DOMINATION (333-63 BC.)
Demetrius, king of de Syria (145-140 BC.) gives the town back to Jonathan (160-142 BC.), brother of Judas Maccabee (166-160 BC.).

1 Mac. 11,32

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II. Taybeh, from the Pentecost to Today


Events Dates History of Taybeh-Ephraim

ROMAN PERIOD (60 BC. - 358 AD.)

Death and Resurrection 30 Retreat of Jesus Christ before his Passion. (Jn 11,54)

Fall of Jerusalem 70 Vespasien establishes garrisons in Bethel and Ofrah. (Flavius Joseph, "The War of the Jews against the Romans", chap.33)

BYZANTINE PERIOD(358 - 638)

Flourishing of Christianism IVs. Eusebe of Cesarea in his Onomasticon locates the retreat of the Christ in EPHREM (The town is 8km away from Bethel and 35 from Jerusalem

VIs. Construction of 2 byzantine churches and byzantine monastery around Taybeh.
Ephraim is mentioned on the Madaba (Jordan) map: "Ephron or Ephraim, town where the Christ came".

ARAB PERIOD (638-1516)

Muslim invasions VIIs.

Jerusalem taken by the Crusaders 1099 The Crusaders use Ephrem as a fortification. They call the village "Saint Hélis".

Latin Patriarchate 1185 Baudoin IV the Leper gives the castle to the Count Boniface de Montferrat.

Hattin disaster 1187 The village changes name from "Ofrah (or Ephraim)" to "Taybeh".

Constantinople taken by the Turks. 1423

Ottoman conquest of Palestine 1516

OTTOMAN PERIOD (1516-1920) Under Ottoman occupation, which lasted 4 centuries, Taybeh remains christian but is only a small village.

Creation of the orthodox school.

Pie IX re-establishes the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem. 1847

1860 Arrival of the first latin missionary.

1888 First visit of Charles de Foucauld.

1898 Charles de Foucauld's "Retreat of Ephrem".

1900 Charles de Foucauld's "Retreat of Taybeh".

MODERN PERIOD (1920-...)

British Mandate 1922 Taybeh has 954 inhabitants

Israel-Arab war 1948 Immigration surge

6 Days' War 1967 The village has 3000 inhabitants.

2000 The village has 1500 habitants.


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III. Legend of Taybeh-Ephraim

Whilst the Evangelist do not talk about the episode of Ephraim in details, the story-tellers on the contrary have much to say about it. The Christ's stay in Ephraim that is mentioned but yet never described in the Bible was an extraordinary opportunity for the imagination of oriental story-tellers !

There are many legendary tales in the oriental Church. Westerners do not usually pay much attention to them, being mostly interested in the the veracity of the stories. Maybe this could be an opportunity to rediscover the inheritage of oral tradition, "re-creation" of the mind and remarkable medium of spiritual thoughts. What's interesting is not so much the veracity of the story but its meaning.

The oral tradition locates the healing of the 10 lepers of Ein Samieh, on the way to Ephraim (Luke 17,12). The cured Samaritan is said to have accompanied Jesus to Ephraim, shouting his happiness, to a point that really irritated the Apostles. Jesus stopped, called him, blessed him and sent him. The man, kissing the ground, asks for a new name. Jésus names him "Ephraim", because life was given to him twice (Ephraim indeed means "double fruit").

Arriving in Ephraim the notables of the village welcome the Rabbi, telling him: "You should stay with us; the temple hates you". A child runs to Jesus and gives him a pomegranate. While cutting the fruit, Jesus seizes the opportunity to tell a parable.

Jesus finally declines the invitation from the people of Taybeh but promises to come back.

Jesus kept his word. After the resurrection of Lazarus, he decides to head for Taybeh. On the way, the disciples are very afraid and comment the latest threats from the Sanhedrin. Jesus reassures them. Informed about his arrival, the people of Taybeh come to meet him, they thank him for coming back and assure him of their protection: "We are going to make you happy, they said; and this land that was for you land of Egypt will appeal to you as it did to Joseph".

The next day, Jesus sent his disciples, divided into two groups of five, to tell the Samaritans that the Day of the Lord was close. He keeps Saint John and Judah with him. The legend says that judah had a particularly awful behavior during the stay.

In Ephraim, Jesus sees peculiar visitors. A man called Samuel, member of the Sanhedrin, is said to have come to spy him, and to come back to Jerusalem upset by his failed mission.

Claudia, Pilates' wife, worried not to see the Galilean Rabbi anymore, rushed to make sure he had not lost his "extraordinary powers". She asks Jesus to heal Callixtus, one of her black slaves. To thank the Lord, Claudia offers him the slave along with a considerable amount of money. Jesus did not accept her present, but Claudia insisted as she felt offended by his refusal. So Jesus accepted her present, set Callixtus free and gave him the money.

It is also said that Virgin Mary, had Lazarus guide her to come and see her Son in Ephraim. The crowd was gathering around Lazarus to see the man "raised from the dead" and Saint Peter had to calm the people down...

Mary was reassured to see her Son in a good shape. The women were busy mending Jesus' and the Apostles' clothes. A the end of the stay, Jesus asked Lazarus to have his two sisters Martha and Mary take care of his mother during his journey to Jerusalem.

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